{"id":15717,"date":"2025-05-19T10:07:57","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T03:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/benhviendaihocyhaiduong.com\/?p=15717"},"modified":"2025-05-20T10:29:43","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T03:29:43","slug":"khai-quat-than-the-va-su-nghiep-cach-mang-cua-chu-tich-ho-chi-minh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/benhviendaihocyhaiduong.com\/?p=15717","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00e2n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. Th\u00e2n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu\u1edf thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (l\u00fac nh\u1ecf t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung, l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c) sinh ng\u00e0y 19\/5\/1890 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 nho y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Ho\u00e0ng Tr\u00f9, x\u00e3 Chung C\u1ef1, t\u1ed5ng L\u00e2m Th\u1ecbnh, nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Kim Li\u00ean, huy\u1ec7n Nam \u0110\u00e0n, t\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An. Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh S\u1eafc, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Th\u1ecb Loan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u1eeb l\u00fac sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn 5 tu\u1ed5i, Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1895, Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung theo gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1901, sau khi th\u00e2n m\u1eabu qua \u0111\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo cha tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 An, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n theo cha \u0111i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, h\u1ecdc th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u. N\u0103m 1906, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh theo cha v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p \u2013 Vi\u1ec7t, sau h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf. Th\u00e1ng 6\/1909, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh theo cha v\u00e0o B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, th\u00e1ng 8\/1910 v\u00e0o Phan Thi\u1ebft, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ee5c Thanh. Th\u00e1ng 02\/1911, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      2.1. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a01911\u00a0\u2013\u00a01920<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"
      H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0Sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 nho y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea gi\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 tan, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm hun \u0111\u00fac \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do cho d\u00e2n, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 5\/6\/1911 v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 V\u0103n Ba, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u00e0u Amiran Latus\u01a1 T\u01a1r\u00eavin, r\u1eddi b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Nh\u00e0 R\u1ed3ng \u0111i M\u00e1c x\u00e2y (Ph\u00e1p).<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1912 -1917, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi, ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1913, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, tham gia nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1917 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1919, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh tham gia \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p, th\u00e1ng 6\/1919 thay m\u1eb7t H\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n y\u00eau s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m 08 \u0111i\u1ec3m (k\u00fd t\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c) t\u1edbi H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdp \u1edf V\u00e9c-x\u00e2y (Ph\u00e1p), \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e1ng 7\/1920, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e1ng 12\/1920, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c tham gia \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf III v\u00e0 tham gia th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1921 \u2013 1930<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1921 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6\/1923, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c tham gia nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 I v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p, sinh ho\u1ea1t trong C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Ph\u00f4bua, l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m ki\u00eam ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat B\u00e1o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u00e0y 13\/6\/1923, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Xanhp\u00eat\u00e9cbua (Li\u00ean X\u00f4) ng\u00e0y 30\/6\/1923.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7\/1923 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10\/1924, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i II Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecf, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Thanh ni\u00ean; ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m B\u1ea3n \u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p; h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng; tham gia \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 V Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Ban ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e1ng 11\/1924, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c r\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u (Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Th\u00e1ng 6\/1925, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ra B\u00e1o Thanh ni\u00ean (1925), t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c \u2013 L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 in th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1927.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c – H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 H\u00e8 n\u0103m 1927, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c r\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i Li\u00ean X\u00f4, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i \u0110\u1ee9c (th\u00e1ng 11\/1927) r\u1ed3i b\u00ed m\u1eadt sang Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ec9 d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c (th\u00e1ng 12\/1927), r\u1ed3i quay l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111i Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9, sang Italia. Th\u00e1ng 7\/1928, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi Xi\u00eam (Th\u00e1i Lan), r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1929.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 06\/1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 07\/2\/1930 t\u1ea1i C\u1eedu Long (H\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea3ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c),\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1930 \u2013 1945<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1941, tuy ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e1t sao phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e1ng 6\/1931, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Anh b\u1eaft giam \u1edf H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1932, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn Li\u00ean X\u00f4 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf L\u00eanin.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e1ng 10\/1938, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Di\u00ean An (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy B\u00e1t l\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u00e0y 28\/1\/1941, sau h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m xa T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00a0(t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c 108 thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0, H\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng, Cao B\u1eb1ng).<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 10 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 19\/5\/1941, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VIII c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Khu\u1ed5i N\u1eb7m (P\u1eafc B\u00f3, Cao B\u1eb1ng). H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e1ng 8\/1942, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed3ng minh, c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t x\u00edt tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch b\u1eaft giam trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lao c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y (Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong t\u00f9. Th\u00e1ng 9\/1943, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e1ng 9\/1944, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Cao B\u1eb1ng. Th\u00e1ng 12\/1944, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u00e1ng 5\/1945, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0Cao B\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o (Tuy\u00ean Quang). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u ra U\u1ef7 ban gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (t\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi) do H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e1ng 8\/1945, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f9ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u00e0y 02\/9\/1945 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, khai sinh n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (nay l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.4. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945 \u2013 1954<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1945 \u2013 1946, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng non tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u00f9 trong, gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u201cng\u00e0n c\u00e2n treo s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c\u201d; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea7u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a I (1946) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u00e0y 02\/03\/1946, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp do H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u00e0y 03\/11\/1946, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi do Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u00eam Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11\/1946 \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9\/1955) v\u00e0 ki\u00eam B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (1951), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ebb vang trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 n\u0103m 1954 l\u1eebng l\u1eaby n\u0103m ch\u00e2u, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111i l\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

      2.5. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954 \u2013 1969<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft<\/em>. Qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.\u00a0Theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1<\/em>, sau 2 n\u0103m s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, g\u1ea1t Ph\u00e1p ra, nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 huy ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n, ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n tay sai, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, bi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi, chia c\u1eaft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. C\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e1ng 10 \/1956, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 X (kh\u00f3a II),\u00a0 \u00a0Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (1960), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a II, kh\u00f3a III b\u1ea7u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, nay l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i; \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng vun \u0111\u1eafp t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (nay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u00e0y 02\/9\/1969, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh qua \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n xi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau cho to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi oanh li\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea7y gian kh\u1ed5 hy sinh, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u00e3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi cho l\u1edbp l\u1edbp th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 noi theo.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh s\u1ebd c\u00f2n m\u00e3i v\u1edbi non s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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